How To Clean A Carburetor For A Buddy Scooter If Gasoline Stayed Too Long

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2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту

What phases does the production of the automobile comprise?
What requirements must the car meet?
Why are cars subjected to road tests
What qualities are required of the automobile?
Why is it of import for the specialists in automobile industry to know computing methods?

three. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

The cars are subjected to road tests in society…

1. to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing
2. to meet up-to-date requirements
3. to work out new technological processes
The car must accept the following units….
1. high efficiency, long service life, driving condom and pleasant appearance
2. smoothen acting clutch, silent gearbox, undecayed brakes and steering organisation
The machine must have the following qualities….
1. high efficiency, long service life, driving safety and pleasant advent
2. smooth interim clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering organisation

four. Components of Car

Basically, the machine consist of three parts:the power plants, or the engine, the chassis and torso.To these may exist addedthe accessories: theheater, lighter, radio, speedometer and other devices. Thepower plant or engine is thesourceof power that makesthe wheels rotate and the car move. It includeselectric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. Most automobile engines havesix or eight cylinders.

The chassis consists of apower train, frame with axles, wheels and springs. Thechassisincludesbrakes and steering system.

Thepower railroad train carries the power from the engine to thecar wheels andcontains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, differential and the concluding drive.Theclutch is a friction device connecting (or disconnecting) the enginecrankshaftto the gears in thegearbox. It is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine and is controlled by theclutch pedal. Brakes are important mechanisms of the machine. They are used to slow or to finish the auto. Mostbraking systems in use todayare hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driverpushes down on the restriction pedal, theyare practical and the car stops.

Задания:

Переведите на русский язык встречающие в тексте интернациональные слова:

Automobile, chassis, speedometer, electric, arrangement, cylinder, cardan, control, hydraulic, pedal, accessories, differential

Подберите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы.

Вопросы

What are the principal basic parts of the automobile?
What does the chassis consist of?
What units does the power train incorporate?
What is the function of the clutch?
Why are brakes needed?

Ответы

The clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft and the last drive
Freeing the engine from the gearbox
The power found, the chassis and the body
A power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs
To slow or finish the motorcar

Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

The mechanism used for stopping the motorcar is…

1. clutch
2. gearbox
3. brakes
The machinery used for changing the speed is…

a) clutch

b) gearbox

c) brakes

The mechanism used for connecting the engine from the gearbox is…
1. brakes
2. clutch
3. steering arrangement
The unit of measurement carrying the power from the engine to the motorcar wheels is…
1. power establish
2. power train
3. chassis
The instrument measuring the speed of the car is…
1. heater
2. lights
3. speedometer

5. Internal-combustion Engines

Internal-Combustion engines are very important components of Automobile. Information technology have the following advantages: pocket-size specificweight(weight-to-power ratio), quick start, a relatively loftierfuel economy (highefficiency), small quantity of water required (but for cooling), and even this not in all engines, speeds, adjustment over a surerange.

On the other mitt, international-combustion engines cannot exist reversed directly orendure high overloads, and as a result when selecting an engine the required power should bedeterminedfromthe highest loadduty; they also cannot be started nether load, which calls for the use ofclutches. An international-Combustion engine should exist provided with agear box(manual) to changethe torque, since the torque developed by the engine at variouscrankshaftspeeds changesinsignificantly.

Internal-Combustion engines utilize for their functioningthe thermodynamic processeswhich occur inthe clutches duringfuel combustion.

In carburetor enginesthe combustible mixture is prepared outside the engine cylinders in a carburetor and is and then delivered past the cylinders. The mixture isignitedby an electric spark generated by a specialsource of current.

In diesel engines the flammable mixture is formed inside the cylinders as the fuel is being injected through anozzle. The fuel isinjectedat the moment when the cylindercontainsstrongly compressed and thereforeheated air, which causes the mixture toself-ignite. For this reason diesel engines are oftentimes chosencompression ignition engines.

A gas turbine is a rotary engine which transforms thekinetic energy of gas produced by fuel burned in a combustion sleeping room into mechanical work. Gas turbine units consist of a compressor,fuel pump, combustion chamber with nozzle, and a gas turbine. And then far the loftier temperature of the gas hasprevented gas turbines from being used widely on automotive vehicle.
Задания:

Переведите на русский язык следующие слова и словосочетания

Internal-Combustion engines, advantages, weight-to-ability ratio, fuel economy, adjustment, endure high overloads, the highest load, clutches, gear box

(transmission), the torque, the thermodynamic processes, carburetor and diesel types, combustible mixture, source of electric current, injected, pinch ignition engines, gas turbine, fuel pump.

Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания

ane. Combustion engine should be provided with

a) clutch

b) gearbox

c) springs
ii. Internal-Combustion engines utilize for their performance…

a) the thermodynamic processes

b) with steering system
iii. In carburetor engines the combustible mixture is prepared …

a) outside the engine cylinders

b) within the engine cylinders

A gas turbine is a rotary engine which transforms…

1. mechanical piece of work.
2. kinetic free energy

3 . Ответьте на вопросы по тексту

1.What are the advantages take the Internal-Combustion engines?

2. What free energy does engine transform in gas turbine?

3. What is the Internal - Combustion engine?
6. Diesel fuel Engine

If you know something about ordinarygasoline engines, such as those in automobiles, you know accept noticed that diesel fuel engines in many respects, work in the aforementioned way.

Both types of enginesare internal combustion engines, that is, they burn the fuel inside theircylinders Almost gasoline engines and manydiesel fuel engines work on thefour-stroke wheel, that is, thepistonmakesa suction stroke, apinch stroke, apower strokeand anexhaust stroke.

What are the main differences betwixt diesel fuel engines andgasoline engines?

A diesel engine has no ignition system- It has nospark plug fed with high-tension electricity from adistributor, spark-whorl, timer, and bombardment.

2. A diesel engine draws into its cylinder air lonely, and information technology compresses this air on itscompressions stroke before any fuel enters the cylinder

3. Diesel engines use greater compression than gasoline engines. The pinch in a diesel engine is not limited past the possibilityof pre-ignition because a diesel engine compresses air just. Therefore, diesel engines apply compression ratios of almost sixteen to 1, and so achieve greaterefficiency in the use of fuel.

Why are diesel engines used so much? Notmerely because they tin produceability- there are many other means of producing power.

Advantages of Diesel Engines.

ModestConsumption of Fuel
Cheap fuel
Economy at Light Loads
Greater Rubber
Economy in minor Sizes
Independenceof Water Supply
Quick Starting

Задания:

ane. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык:

gasoline engines, internal combustion engines, diesel engines, four-stroke cycle, the piston, suction stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke and an frazzle stroke, spark plug fed, distributor, spark-coil, timer, and battery, pre-ignition, h2o supply

Заполните таблицу

«The main differences between diesel fuel engines and gasoline engines»

Diesel ENGINE

GASOLINE ENGINE

ii.

iii.

Закончите предложения, выбрав их из текста:

Nigh gasoline engines and many diesel engines work on the…
A diesel fuel engine draws into its cylinder air alone, and it compresses this air on its…

three. Diesel fuel engines utilize ……………… than gasoline engines

Therefore, diesel fuel engines utilise compression ratios of well-nigh…

7.Four-Stroke Engine and Two-Stroke Engine

(DISEGN OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES)

The majority of present-twenty-four hoursinternal-combustion engines operate on theiv-bicycle principle. Co-ordinate to the processes occurring in thecylinder, each of the four strokes is named as follows:

1 stroke – admission

ii stroke – compression

iii stroke – power stroke

four strokes- - exhaust

Access Stroke. Theintake valve is open, thepistonmoves fromTDC to BDC.Ararefactionis built upwards in the cylinder end above the piston which in unlike engines. In view of the difference inpressure level in the cylinder andcarburetor, thecombustion mixture flows from the carburetor into the cylinder.

Pinch Stroke . At the cease of theaccess strokeboth valves are shut off. As thecrankshaft continues to rotate it drives the piston from BDC to TDC. The temperature of the mixture at the finish of the compression stroke reaches about 300c.

Power Stroke .At the end of the upward stroke of the piston the compressed mixtureis ignited by an electrical spark. Both valves are closed

Exhaust Stroke . The exhaust valve is open, the piston moves from BDC to TDC and ejects theused gases from the cylinder. At the end of the exhaust stroke, the temperature of the gases drops to 700-800c.

Ina ii – stroke engine all theiv processes comprising the working

cycle are completed during two stroke of the piston, during one revolution of the crankshaft. This offers the following advantages:

1 with theaforementioned basic dimensions,a two – stroke engineshould develop theoreticallytwice the power of a 4 – stroke engine

two the engineoperates moresmoothly since the power strokesoccur twice as often.
Задания:

ane. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык:

internal-combustion engines, four-cycle principle, cylinder, admission Stroke, intake valve, pressure in the cylinder, combustion mixture, Compression Stroke, Power Stroke, Exhaust Stroke, a ii – stroke engine, smoothly.
а) Распределите правильно и переведите:

i stroke – power stroke two stroke – admission iii stroke- - exhaust 4 stroke – compression
3.Закончите предложения, выбрав их из текста

1. The bulk of nowadays-day internal-combustion engines operate on the…
2. The intake valve is open, the piston moves from…
3. Equally the crankshaft continues to rotate it drives the piston…
4. At the end of the exhaust stroke, the temperature of the gases…
5. In a two – stroke engine all the iv processes comprising the working bike are completed during two stroke of the piston…

8. Fuel Organisation

The fuel System is designedto store liquid gasoline and to deliver information technology to theengine cylinders on the intakestrokein the form ofvapor mixed with air. The fuel system must vary the proportions of air andgasoline vapor to run into the requirements of the various operating conditions. Thus forinitial starting with a common coldengine a very rich mixture of nearly 9 pounds of air to 1 pound of gasoline is needed. Later on the engine has warmed up, it will run satisfactorily on a leaner mixture of about xv pounds of air for each pound of gasoline. Forensuring acceleration and totalload or highspeed operation, the mixture must once againexist enriched.

The fuel system consist of a tank in whichthe liquid gasoline is stored, a fuel line, ortube, through which the gasoline can exist brought from the tank to the engine,a pump, whichpulls the gasoline through the fuel line, and a carburetor, which mixes the gasoline with air.The carburetor is designed to mix each pound of gasoline with 9 to fifteen pounds of air under diverse operating atmospheric condition. The richer mixtures of nearly 9 pound of air per pound of gasoline are for starting,initial warm-up, and acceleration, while theleanermixtures of well-nigh fifteen pounds of air per pound of gasoline are for normal over-the road operation.
Задания:

Переведите на русский язык следующие слова и словосочетания:

The fuel System, store liquid gasoline, engine cylinders, vapor mixed, initial starting, acceleration, or tube, pulls the gasoline, the carburetor is designed

Переведите письменно текст

Переведите на русский язык встречающие в тексте интернациональные слова:

Design system, carburetor, normal.
4. Закончите предложения, выбрав их из текста

The fuel System is designed…
Subsequently the engine has warmed up, it will run satisfactorily on a bacteria mixture of almost...
The fuel organisation consists of a tank in which…
The carburetor is designed to mix each pound of gasoline

nine. Cooling arrangement

Then aninternal-combustion engine operates, the parts coming in contact with hot gases are strongly heated. If the temperature ofthe pistons, cylinder heads, valves and cylinders becomes likewise loftier,undesirable effects appear such equallydeterioration of cylinder filling, power reduction ignition of fuel. Very often the oilburns outand losesits lubricating backdrop.

If the engine is excessively cooled, theportion of heat that goes for useful workdiminishes and the power of the engine drops.

The cooling organization consists of the aggregate of all the devicesensuring the required thermal duty of the engine.

A h2o cooling system operates in the following manner: the h2o present betwixt the cylinder walls and the cylinder heads coolsthe heated inner walls and go heated itself in the procedure. It often flows tothe radiator, where it is cooled downwardly by air. The cooled water is over againredirected to the engine waterjacket.

Forced cooling, when the water is circulated by a pump, is most common in modern engines. Cooling systems may be open or closed. In the first case, the volume of the organisation is not closedtightly. In the second examplethe plugof the libation is provided witha two-manner steam-air valve, which is opened by an excesspressure of steam in the system and also when the pressure inthe cooler drops below atmospheric by 0.05-0.02 kg/cm2.

To enable the engine to operate usually, the temperature of the cooling h2o should be maintained at 80-90 irrespective of the load and the temperature of the environment. For this purpose and also to speed upwardly the warming of the engine in starting, provision is made foradjusting the cooling rate which can be varied by irresolute the volume of the air stream passing through the libation and too by irresolute the rate of watercirculation.

In add-on to water cooling, modern international-combustion engines, peculiarlydepression-power types, oftentimes air-coolthe ribbed cylinder surfaces with the aid offans.

ane ii 3